A person can be diagnosed with iodine deficiency by a doctor. The most effective way to diagnose iodine deficiency is via a urine test. An iodine deficiency may happen when a person does not consume enough foods that are rich in iodine. This shortage is more likely to affect pregnant women who need a higher intake of iodine. According to the National Institutes of Health , the following are good sources of iodine:.
A person needs to consume micrograms mcg of iodine each day to maintain a healthy level for their body. Should we take vitamin and mineral supplements, are they a complete waste of money, do they do more harm than good? Chromium is a metallic element found in food.
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Magnesium is essential for bones, metabolism, and heart health. This article looks at magnesium for health, sources, symptoms of deficiency…. What are the signs of iodine deficiency. Medically reviewed by Carissa Stephens, R. Overview Signs of deficiency Complications Diagnosis Causes Treatment Iodine is a mineral that is essential for good health. What does the body need iodine for? Share on Pinterest Iodine is essential for growth and brain development.
Signs of iodine deficiency. Most supplements come in the form of potassium iodide and sodium iodide , but there are other options available, including kelp a type of seaweed. Most multivitamins contain iodine be sure to check the label. Many supplements on the market have iodine amounts well above the tolerable upper limit of 1, mcg per day, so be careful going above this amount without consulting your doctor or pharmacist first.
Oddly enough, getting too much iodine may have the same effects as not getting enough — for example, both effects may lead to goiter, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH , and hypothyroidism. Therefore, do not treat your symptoms on your own. Get a proper diagnosis first, and then work with your doctor to stabilize your iodine levels.
The National Institutes of Health has set upper limits for iodine. By age group, they are as follows: 2. The supplement may make your medication less effective and potentially cause harmful interactions. They can review any possible interactions with your current medication list and reconcile any issues for your safety. Getting more iodine in your diet is the preferred way to prevent deficiency. As mentioned, most Americans are eating more than enough salt.
The recommended daily value DV of iodine for adults is mcg. Any foods providing 10 percent or more of iodine are considered good sources of the element. While iodine deficiency is not common in Western countries, you can prevent it by eating a varied diet, including good food sources of iodine, like seafood and yogurt. Other people who are concerned with the amount of iodine in their diet or have thyroid disease caused by an iodine deficiency should talk to their doctor about if a supplement is needed.
According to a report on global iodine status, there are two WHO countries that are considered moderately iodine deficient Morocco and Angola , and 18 that are mildly deficient, such as Madagascar, Sudan, and Vietnam, according to the Iodine Global Network. There may be some racial differences when it comes to iodine levels.
One study found that iodine levels were 34 percent lower in non-Hispanic Black adults in the United States compared with non-Hispanic white adults, possibly due to lactose intolerance that prevents this group from eating dairy, which is an important source of iodine in the typical American diet.
Below are some of the most common ones. Enlarged thyroid gland goiter Symptoms of a goiter include swelling of the neck where the thyroid is located; trouble swallowing or breathing; and choking especially while lying down. If iodine deficiency is suspected, you can ask your doctor to run a hour urine iodine test for a proper diagnosis.
Hypothyroidism Symptoms of hypothyroidism include unexpected weight gain, fatigue, feeling cold, dry skin , and even depression. Pregnancy-related problems Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can result in miscarriages, stillbirth, early deliveries, and, in cases of extreme deficiency, congenital defects in babies.
Check your prenatal vitamin, as not all of them have supplemental iodine. Only 60 percent of prenatals in the United States contain iodine. Be sure yours has mcg of iodine. Iodine Global Network. This nonprofit is focused on global, universal salt iodization to prevent iodine deficiency. Check out their public message board and forum for common questions — and to post your own.
American Thyroid Association. World Health Organization. Read a brief history of iodine deficiency and the current critical importance of global iodized salt programs for a broad view of efforts that are underway to address this health issue. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Health Topics. Health Tools. The first step in diagnosing an iodine deficiency is to contact your healthcare provider. He or she will be able to test your iodine levels in a variety of ways to determine if you lack dietary iodine. There are a few different tests that can help with this process. The two most common iodine tests are a urine test and a blood test, which are both quick and easy ways to check levels of iodine. However, the urinalysis may not be as accurate as a blood test.
Another option is a more in-depth urine loading test, which shows iodine concentration in your urine over 24 hours. This is a highly accurate test, although it can be inconvenient to obtain all urine samples for an entire day. With this test, your physician will paint a patch of skin with iodine and observe how quickly the body absorbs it. Since iodine is a necessary component for proper thyroid function and developmental growth, the amount of iodine a person needs depends on their life stage.
Below is a list of the recommended daily intake for iodine consumption, according to the National Institutes of Health :. Note: Pregnant and breastfeeding women need the most iodine, as their iodine levels pass on to their child during development. Because of this, lactating women have the highest recommended amount of iodine consumption to ensure that their breast milk contains enough iodine for their baby.
Children of mothers with severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can have intellectual disabilities and problems with growth, hearing, and speech. In the most severe form, an underactive thyroid can result in cretinism a syndrome characterized by permanent brain damage, deaf mutism, spasticity, and short stature , although this has become rare worldwide.
Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in the world. Even mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy, which may be present in some women in the United States, may be associated with low intelligence in children..
Iodine levels can be measured in the blood or the urine. However, these tests are not good at accurately determining how much iodine is in your body and so cannot be used to diagnose iodine deficiency. When iodine deficiency is seen in an entire population, it is best managed by ensuring that common foods that people eat contain sufficient levels of iodine.
Since even mild deficiency during pregnancy can have effects on a pregnancy and the developing baby, all U. As with many diseases, it is better to prevent the problem rather than have to treat it. Over the last 80 years, worldwide efforts have been made to eliminate iodine deficiency.
Iodized salt has been the mainstay of the prevention of iodine deficiency worldwide. In regions where iodized salt is not widely available, or where pregnant women are known to have inadequate iodine intakes, use of a daily iodine-containing supplement may be recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
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