Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. Abstract The presence of a chaotic attractor is investigated in time series of References Abraham, N.
Google Scholar Farmer, J. Google Scholar Grassberger, P. Google Scholar Haken, H. Google Scholar Jones, C. Google Scholar Packard, N. Tip: Over Communicate. Most of us are resistant to change and some of the new concepts you introduce may be controversial among coworkers. And continue to communicate it over and over and over again. For example: You want employees to start tracking their time. Poor Message : We need you to begin logging your time so that we can track how your time is spent and how long it takes you to complete required tasks.
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Lindner for sending us data on the stellar flux of KIC We also thank Michael Jansson for his feedback on stationarity testing. Daniel Toker, Friedrich T. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Correspondence to Daniel Toker. Reprints and Permissions. A simple method for detecting chaos in nature. Commun Biol 3, 11 Download citation.
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Abstract Chaos, or exponential sensitivity to small perturbations, appears everywhere in nature. Introduction A remarkable diversity of natural phenomena are thought to be chaotic.
Full size image. Table 1 The Chaos Decision Tree Algorithm classified biological simulations as periodic or chaotic with near-perfect accuracy. Full size table. Table 2 The Chaos Decision Tree Algorithm classified non-biological simulations as stochastic, periodic, or chaotic with high accuracy. These simulated systems include strange non-chaotic attractors SNAs , linear stochastic processes, and nonlinear stochastic processes, all of which are classically difficult to distinguish from chaos.
Table 3 Classification accuracy in held out simulated systems. While the datasets in Tables 1 , 2 were used to optimize the Chaos Decision Tree Algorithm, these datasets were not. Performance was near-perfect.
Table 4 Classification accuracy in empirical non-simulated data from stochastic, periodic, strange non-chaotic SNA , and chaotic systems. As was the case for the data in Table 3 , these datasets were not used to optimize algorithm performance, and so are also held out datasets. Algorithm performance was perfect.
Table 5 The Chaos Decision Tree Algorithm uses permutation entropy, calculated from data that have been de-noised and downsampled if oversampled , to track the degree of chaos in a system, which might change as the state of the system changes.
Table 6 The Chaos Decision Tree Algorithm consistently classifies heart rate recordings, across conditions, as stochastic. Discussion In this paper, we have introduced a processing pipeline, called the Chaos Decision Tree Algorithm 21 , that can accurately detect whether a time-series signal is generated by a predominantly stochastic, periodic, or chaotic system, and can also accurately track changing levels of chaos within a system using permutation entropy.
References 1. Article Google Scholar 3. Article Google Scholar 8. Article Google Scholar CAS Google Scholar Google Scholar Acknowledgements We thank Seiji Uenohara and colleagues for kindly sending us data recorded from their chaotic neuron integrated circuit, and we thank John F. View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
Supplementary information. Supplementary Information. Reporting Summary. Peer Review File. About this article. This is because in oppression a resistance will always exist, while in anarchy it will not, as there is nothing to resist. According the comics, the Cenobites are order. In one of the more comedic stories, an obnoxious, lazy office worker spends all his time tinkering with one of the puzzle boxes, distracting his fellow employees and annoying his borderline Clock King boss, who easily solves the puzzle for him, summoning some Cenobites.
The Cenobites prepare to take the boss to the Labyrinth, only to be told off by him; the boss says he only solved the puzzle because it was disrupting the order, productivity and perfectionism he constantly strived for, which the Cenobites are now doing.
The Cenobites mull this over for a bit, eventually decide the boss is essentially "doing Leviathan's work" and decide to take the employee, who the boss had earlier described as "a gear that has become misaligned", in his place. The theme of Jonathan Hickman's S. The lead character, the son of Nikola Tesla , initially sides with Leonardo, before deciding both sides are wrong because they're locked into the idea there must be a war. Modern Green Lantern comics have shades of this with emotional spectrum.
Green in the middle represents Order and the further you go from it, the more chaotic the corps become. Each color represents emotion, except for Green, which is willpower - the ability to overcome and control your emotions for the greater good, so the further you go from it, the less control you have. Blue and Yellow, hope and fear respectively, represent how you can use the emotions to affect and shape the world.
Their goal is to establish order, but Blue Lanterns see it as harmony that can be built only in cooperation with Green, while the Sinestro Corps tries to impose tyranny and rule the Universe with an iron fist.
Orange and Indigo - greed and compassion - represent what happens when you let your emotions define your life. Indigo Tribe sacrifice their individuality for the common good , but it makes them detached and borderline sociopathic. Larfleeze, on the other hand, is completely selfish and cares only about himself. And finally we have Pink and Red - love and anger - who represent Chaos. Members of both corps lose their minds, taken by the representative emotion. Star Sapphires want to spread love through the Universe and are willing to go to extremes to do so, as well as tending towards yanderish behavior.
Red Lanterns are a horde of berserkers destroying everything in their path and often fighting between each other, when not provided with better as in, any targets. In the beginning they were mindless and bestial, but Atrocitus allowed them to regain some degree of self-control since then.
It should be noted that Order isn't presented as completely good and Chaos as completely evil. The White Entity is composed of white light, formed when all of the seven colors are combined , and represents life, which is a combination of all emotions, as well as order and chaos in all their forms.
Meanwhile, Black represents absence of emotions and life, the state of emptiness and stasis. The Guardians' actions to purge emotions from the Green Lantern Corps allowed the forces of Black to infiltrate them, as their actions have bought them too close to this cold, emotionless state. Nemesis the Warlock pits the titular powerful alien wizard in service of Kaos against the tyrannical bigot ruling humanity, Torquemada. At the end it's clear they are both bastards.
Asterix fits this theme. The Gauls, on the other hand, have long, wild hair and facial hair, live in ramshackle huts, actively resist authority even if that authority might have a point and charge into battle anyhow with no plans and their biggest men at the front. It's worth observing that when the Gauls beat up the ordinary Romans, they tend to look messed up, but quite happy about it, as if they're just relieved to be liberated from the oppression of order.
The Gauls export their particular brand of Chaos to the camps, eventually — a new centurion arrives to discover that no-one is in uniform and the soldiers, all bruised and missing teeth, have completely given up attacking the village and are now just hanging around enjoying food, drink, games and basically having a relaxed, good time.
On the other hand, the Gaulish chaos isn't entirely good, since if they have no-one to fight against they just argue constantly with each other. Some later Goscinny stories, such as Asterix and the Soothsayer , and Asterix and Caesar's Gift to name just a couple make it very clear just how annoying it would be to live in the village if you are anything close to being a normal person. The Gigantic Beard That Was Evil has the orderly world of Here haunted by the chaos of There lurking "beneath the skin of all things" that eventually invades in the form of the titular beard.
PS does this, complete with angels of order and demons of chaos along with the fact that their conflicts are "mostly political nowadays," may be explained by the fact that PS is intended as a children's comic.
There's also Malphast , whose parents are on opposite sides of this war. Invoked in Birthright by God King Lore who is universally branded as an evil overlord. Lore claims that the affected people spend all their time warring already, but if he conquers all the combatants then he can finally deliver peace. The My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic 's fan works typically make more use of this than the TV show itself, most notably in the background characters. More often than not, you will typically find them serving as foils to each other in many a fanfiction, fan comic, or fan video.
Chronicles of Harmony's End features the gods of these forces, and as you'd expect, they really don't get along. However, while they did have a war at one point, they generally don't hate each other and are meant to balance one another out.
During the Dark World Series , we find out that Discord and Grogar went to war, forming an all evil version of this trope. And given that Titan is a Knight Templar of the highest order, this is another all evil example. Lines and Webs : The conflict of order and chaos is extremely important for the beginning of the series, with Celestia and the Order she represents being portrayed as evil while Twilight and the Chaos she represents portrayed as good - although the series is heavy on Greyand Grey Morality.
Eventually Order and Chaos unite against and even greater threat. The Borderworld : The whole story collection centered around this conflict, with Discord for Chaos and Order being for, well, Order, and the Tree of Harmony for, of course, Harmony.
The conflict is called the Eternal War because it spawned ever since all three sides were born, and has spanned across the universe and time itself. However, the Tree of Harmony at some point decided to re-brand herself as a bridge between Order and Chaos While she opposes both sides negative attributes, she has come to appreciate the good qualities of both sides.
The Origins of Sentient Life as Narrated by Discord has Discord and his kind fighting Order based members of their kind before most life forms evolved in the universe. This led to different worlds being dosed in massive amounts of Chaos or Order Energy, such as Earth and Equestria respectively, affecting their evolutionary paths.
This war only ended when a neutral race the 13 Primes of Transformers trapping them on worlds where their natural Chaos and Order energies would balance out a world that was leaning the other way. In the Tamers Forever Series , this is represented by the millenia-old conflict between the Archangels and the Archdemons. The Dark Lords of Nerima has this in form of the Sailor Senshi heroic Magical Girls who fight for love and justice and work to preserve the peace of the world , and Ranma and the Wrecking Crew crazy Martial Artists with so many different fighting styles that can blow up mountains at their best , plus they're Chew Toys.
They only reason why both sides are at war is because Ranma and Ryouga tricked the Senshi into thinking that they are both Multiversal Conquerors to protect a Youma that Ryouga befriended. The said thing is that the Senshi are very insistent on believing that they're evil, which given how twisted their villains were it's not surprising. Many of Occam Razor's works, like the Shadowchasers Series , feature this. For example, devils are creatures of Law and Order who mostly aim to enslave the world, while demons are creatures of Anarchy and Chaos who mostly aim to destroy the world.
Both races are evil and hate each other. Sonic X: Dark Chaos : Despite having created the Chaos Emeralds, Maledict Maledict firmly believes in imposing absolute order upon the universe - courtesy of his Demon Empire - and he will do anything to accomplish his goal. Maledict : That is why the universe belongs to me. We bring order upon the chaos. Without it, life and civilization would not exist.
Brother would fight brother, parents would destroy their children. Darkness would swallow all. Films — Animated. In The LEGO Movie , Lord Business represents order, with his insistence on conformity and following the instructions, and the Master Builders represent chaos, with their unbridled and sometimes counterproductive creativity. Emmet succeeds by balancing the two, in a sense. But then the Duplo Aliens of the Systar System show up, being more of the destructive kind of chaos, setting up the sequel Films — Live-Action.
One of the underlying conflicts in Demolition Man. Several characters represent different levels on the spectrum, and the two main villains of the movie lie on opposite extremes. Cocteau is a relatively benevolent dictator who has built a future world where anything that can offend or harm anybody is banned, and maintaining civil, peaceful coexistence has usurped the value of life in importance. To this end, the following things are banned: guns, alcohol, swearing, caffeine, sexual intercourse apart from a weird neural link thing , contact sports, chocolate, non-educational children's toys, and spicy food.
Simon Phoenix is a violent psycho who hates rules because they stop him from behaving like a violent psycho. After they murder Cocteau , he and his unfrozen gang want to turn San Angeles into a lawless hellhole where they can commit crimes all day, everyday. Edgar Friendly is an iconoclast leading a gang in the sewers against the Cocteau regime. He fights so people have the right to eat real food, listen to real music, have real sex and generally make their own choices. Cocteau wants him dead for it, so much so that he unleashes Phoenix albeit with a mental Restraining Bolt.
All the Pirates of the Caribbean want to do is sail around the world, drink rum and get saucy women at Tortuga. But noooo The Company just has to have its Order. In 's The Dark Knight , the Joker claims that he is a representation of chaos, going up against Batman who represents order. As a sort of justification, he says that chaos, for all that it does, is at least fair.
Beetlejuice , the movie with the afterlife bureaucrat Juno and Mr. Babcock wants to give her all the responsibility of raising an orphaned kid while keeping all the power for himself. In the original Mad Max , Max and the police force represent order, whereas the biker gangs represent chaos. Somewhat the point of The World's End. What is better? An advanced, progressive society full of robots, or a crude, harsh society where individual freedom is preserved? Humanity chooses the latter.
In fact the advanced society is only full of robots because humans instinctively reject their idea of order; when they did this on other worlds, they only had to replace a few people to achieve it, but on Earth it took damn near everyone. In Cadet Kelly , Kelly represents chaos, while Jennifer represents order. Kelly wants to express her creativity and individuality, while Jennifer just wants to enforce the rules.
Ultimately, Kelly finds a way to be creative through the school's rifle team. Which is why their off-screen date was an Epic Fail — she turned up with an itinerary, and he turned up in board shorts note It's Central America! It's hot! It's savage, chaotic, lawless. Brother, you're going to do great here.
In The Cat in the Hat , there is a struggle between the fish order and the cat chaos. The cat isn't strictly bad, since he brightens what would have been an otherwise boring day, but it's portrayed as a good thing when the house returns to order.
Chaos is definitely the good side here. Catch — the protagonist, Yossarian, is Chaos; the military bureaucracy he's struggling against is Order.
In His Dark Materials chaos is good and order is evil. Neither Order nor Chaos are portrayed as very nice. It's pointed out in the books: Chaos means that every possibility is allowed symbolized by the eight-arrow symbol , but at the end, you'll just move back and forth and get to nowhere. Order symbolized by a straight arrow means that you have direction, but exclude some possibilities — in the worst case, all of them.
A world gone too far in Chaos is one where shape cannot be maintained and horrible things will try to eat you. A world gone too far in law will eventually become a featureless white plane. And although Order has a superficial appearance of being Good, and Chaos of being Evil; the true Good is, in fact, the Balance, with Evil being the extremes of either Order or Chaos.
The Pyat Quartet is an interesting example, since its Unreliable Narrator considers himself to stand for science, civilisation and sanity in the face of a chaotic and depraved world, often framing it specifically as noble Order versus loathsome Chaos. However, it's clear to the reader that he's a lying, exploitative opportunist who, being just good enough at a wide variety of things to muddle through , can thrive in a chaotic world where a little bit of skill can go a long way but would be a complete non-entity in an orderly one with specialisation and professional standards.
In other word, he thinks he's a Champion of Law, but it's pretty obvious that he's really a Champion of Chaos. In A Song of Ice and Fire we have the Wildlings, who love their freedom, would never support the whole monarchistic system that is causing all the crap in Westeros, but have no real infrastructure or laws.
On the other hand we have the Night Watch, which is honour bound to protect the country from them. In the second series, they were rather insistent on main character Merlin picking a side, much to his annoyance. Too much imbalance was especially said to endanger the existence of the universe. It's also noteworthy that families ruling Amber and Courts of Chaos both have elements of the opposite in them - Chaos is much more honorable and has complicated form of hierarchy within which all intrigues and schemes happens, while children of Oberon are more or less pragmatic, backstabbing manipulators constantly changing aliances between one another and don't even mantain illusion of hierarchy among them.
Part of the world's magic system of Modesitt's Saga of Recluce novels. His system is very complex but normally the Chaos side is evil. This is increasingly subverted in the later novels, but we have not yet seen an Order mage as a major villain.
Ironically, the Chaos mages have or had a well-organized Empire, while the Order mages were generally either rebels or refugees for much of their history. The Illuminatus! One of the guiding principles of the Discordians our Chaotic good guys is that "imposition of order leads to escalation of chaos". Nonfiction example: Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan is very pro-Order, characterizing totalitarianism as the only alternative to "the war of all against all".
A semi-viral unpublished novel called The Cloven Accord depicts Chaos as evil natural disaster-causing demons and Order as a mind-destroying cult. The happy medium, the Ilyarians, appears to be extremely metaphysical hedonism. Uniquely, all symbolism inherent in these concepts is helpfully listed at the back of the book. One of the main characters in the book decides the world needs a little bit more chaos.
The efforts of other characters to stop him end up being counterproductive, tilting the balance the other way. On the Discworld , there's the constant competition between Fate and the Lady, the Lady being Luck — a chaotic factor interfering with Fate's order.
Free Magic Chaos , though the Abhorsen makes use of both. Perdido Street Station has the Construct Council, a giant sentient colony of robots , avatar of Order and the superego, and the Weaver, described as "the dancing mad god", an Arachnomorphic Personification of dream, creativity, and the subconscious.
Thursday tends towards Balance In John C. Wright 's Chronicles of Chaos , the central conflict of the setting is that of Cosmos vs. The children are caught in the middle; indeed, one consideration when thinking of escaping back to their parents is that they aren't certain the forces of Chaos are right, even though the forces of Cosmos have been holding them hostage.
In Gordon R. Dickson 's The Dragon Knight series of books the forces of evil are constantly trying to upset the balance between "History" and "Chance. In Tamora Pierce 's The Immortals novels, the Big Bad turns out to be the goddess of chaos who fights against the other great gods. It's because of her that creatures like the stormwings got into the mortal realm. It also is known in The Icelandic Sagas which sometimes can seem to resemble the Western genre.
Salvatore's The Orc King has an interesting play on this; King Obould is motivated by bringing order to orcish society where as his rival Grguch firmly believes that chaos is the way of the orc and Obould should die for straying from that. This is demonstrated in parallel scenes where Obould subtly helps his generals plan for an assault with considerably more discipline and forsight than one would think an orc capable of an attack he knew wouldn't happen, at that.
Meanwhile, Grguch orders a raid on the orc's enemies without any planning at all , despite, when he's called on it, displaying considerable understanding of battle planning; he knows what to do but doesn't do it as he considers order and discipline contrary to what he believes orcs should be. The twist in all this, however, is how these two are percieved by the heroes. The Companions of the Hall have been fighting orcs for as long as they can remember, and are forced to chose between assisting the creation of Obould's stable kingdom, which completely disrupts their perception of the natural order, or Grguch's chaos, which is normal for them, but in practice will involve a long conflict that will surely cost many more lives before it is resolved.
Subverted in that The Promethean Society was originally founded by Lucifer who is a Magnificent Bastard and the original rebel against Order. As a quirk of the way Milton wrote it, God is the stern version, while Lucifer decides in the first part to make the best of the bad situation he's been put in.
It also points out Lucifer's hypocrisy. While he claims to stand for freedom, he very quickly becomes a despotic tyrant who rules Hell with an iron fist. Like many classics, the resulting work is still quite open to interpretation. As such, the most prevalent conflict is between the magicians' order and the spirits ' chaos. The Mistborn trilogy has the gods Ruin chaos and Preservation order. Ruin is the Big Bad , but it's noted that this is only because he's the one who's ascendant; if Preservation had its way, everything would stay exactly the way it was forever.
Lovecraft 's mythos can be viewed as order vs Chaos. The Outer Gods are also often associated with Chaos, being essentially not-really-anthropomorphic personifications of primal forces, hence Azathoth often being called the Nuclear Chaos and Nyarlatothep's epipthet "the Crawling Chaos". In Lovecraft's own stories, however, both the Outer Gods and the Great Old Ones are portrayed as vastly beyond the scope of human concepts like order or chaos, or any human concepts at all, really.
Lovecraft's universe is a chaotic and amoral place where the primal laws of physics spontaneously form from the chaotic gibberings of the ultimate creator, Daemon Sultan Azathoth, a process described in the poem Azathoth.
In The Lord of the Rings , This is played out in the race of Ents: male Ents loved the wilderness and forests, nature untamed, while the Entwives cultivated gardens and loved orchards and farmlands. The two genders drifted apart over the years, and the Ents have since lost the Entwives completely. Less a war and more like contrasting life-styles and preferences that took them awya. According to J. Wanting to impose his will upon everyone and everything, Sauron came to see tyranny as the easiest way to do so.
Downplayed in The Moomins stories, where the protagonists tend to be Chaotic Good and others such as hemulens are often Lawful Stupid.
It's never a major conflict, but at least in one book we find Snufkin and his father waging a sort of guerilla war of annoyance against wardens of a park for children who are enforcing such strict rules that no one's having any fun.
In Tad Williams The Dirty Streets of Heaven Heaven is Order and Hell Chaos but while demons are definitely evil Heaven is implied to be a Crapsaccharine World with the higher orders playing Machiavellian games and the "saved" playing forever in the Elysian Fields at the cost of their memories and personalities which has led some on both sides to seek a Third Way. This is a Trope Codifier. When he finds a world where either Order or Chaos gained too much of an advantage, he tries to balance it.
But because he's a demon, his methods are both utterly evil - he brings terror to wacky, crazy world of magic and lets criminals from it into our, much more orderly, world, to spread disorder - and bound to upset the balance to much towards the other side. This is when the force Grundy calls the Adversary intervenies, creating a champion of good to truly restore the balance between order and chaos. Patrick Tilley's Amtrack Wars series pits the fascistically orderly Amtrack Federation against the chaos of the Mute tribes.
A Clockwork Orange uses this to prevent Too Bleak, Stopped Caring , though it's subtle; the main conflict is between Villain Protagonist Alex , a young man who generally dedicates himself to rape, ultraviolence, narcotics, and Beethoven , and the government that wants to torture the criminal impulse out of him. Alex is Chaos; the government is Order.
They're both pretty damn bad. Once you get past the Totally Radical slang, this is the main conflict in The Demon Headmaster series.
The title villain has no backstory besides " Lawful Evil on legs", while the heroes are unruly, fun-loving schoolkids who represent everything he despises. In the first book, Dinah notes that if the Headmaster cared about things like money he wouldn't be going to the effort of world domination - he genuinely believes the world would be better off his way.
In the opinion of the author, "Chaos is deadlier than tyranny. More of these multicides result from the breakdown of authority than from the exercise of authority.
Her schizophrenia may have played a role in its adoption. In The Quantum Thief the Sobornost mind upload collective claims to represent Order and seeks to wipe out all death and uncertainty from the world, and preaches that every thought is worth preserving, but their inner workings are far less orderly than they claim. Their prime opponent is the Zoku collective, who in turn embrace the quantum uncertainty principles, and declare that change is inevitable and positive; the Zokus' identities are fluid and they only define themselves through their interests, which they are free to change any time.
Elves call this "The First War".
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