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Rheumatoid arthritis RA and lupus are relatively common, severe disorders. About 1. Estimating how many people in the U. Both conditions are autoimmune diseases that occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks parts of the body that it is designed to protect.
We present the clinical and serological characteristics of three patients with rhupus. We found anti-CCP positivity and rheumatoid factor positivity and high titers in all patients, positive anti- anti-SSA in one patient, and positive anti- anti-Sm in one patient. Renal and liver function tests were normal in all patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE and rheumatoid arthritis RA are autoimmune diseases with different clinical and serological features affecting various organs and systems.
Rheumatoid arthritis has a worldwide prevalence of approximately in 0. There is evidence to support the presence of rhupus as a true overlap syndrome [ 4 , 5 ]. Rhupus syndrome is a rare clinical entity which has an estimated prevalence rate of 0. We present a series of three cases of patients with a diagnosis of rhupus.
A year-old female was admitted with the complaints of intermittent pain in hand joints and morning stiffness for the past nine years. She gave a history of alopecia, fever, fatigue, malar rash, and oral ulcers for the last nine years. On physical examination, she had oral cold sores, tenderness and swelling on the 2. X-ray findings of the hands are shown in Figure 1. Renal and liver function tests were normal. A year-old female was referred to our department with the complaint of bilateral hand joint pain for the last eighteen months.
She gave a history of alopecia, Raynaud phenomenon, erythema nodosum, fatigue, malar rash, and oral ulcers. On physical examination, she had bilateral 1. X-ray findings of the hands are shown in Figure 2. A year-old female presented with the complaint of intermittent joint pain for the past six years. For the past 2 years, she also had oral ulcers and malar rash.
On physical examination, she had right 4. They share some symptoms, and it is possible to have both lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers refer to the overlap of conditions as rhupus syndrome. According to a article, rhupus syndrome is a rare occurrence, affecting 0. Researchers are unsure if lupus is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis RA in rhupus syndrome, or if the two conditions co-exist. The term lupus includes several types, including systemic lupus erythematosus SLE , which is the most familiar of all the lupus types. Other types include drug-induced, discoid, and neonatal lupus. This article includes information about SLE only, rather than any of the other types of lupus.
SLE can affect multiple areas of the body, including the joints, skin, and internal organs. People with SLE have an overactive immune system that attacks healthy tissue, causing inflammation. As the inflammation travels through the body, various tissues and organs can become inflamed.
SLE can affect people differently, and it is difficult to predict which areas of the body will become inflamed. In RA, the immune system attacks the synovium, which is the lining that covers joints.
This attack causes inflammation and prevents the synovium from working correctly to lubricate the joints and maintain a normal alignment. In turn, joints can be damaged and become unstable, leading to pain, stiffness, and restriction of normal movement.
Some common symptoms are shared by SLE and RA, although each condition also has its own symptoms, as shown in the table below. In addition, both SLE and RA commonly affect the same joints, which are usually the smaller joints in the body, including fingers, wrists, knees, ankles, and toes.
In addition, a person will generally experience symmetrical symptoms, such as pain in both wrist joints rather than in only one. Differences between the two conditions include their effects on skin, internal organs, and joint pain:.
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